Abstract
A conceptual site model (CSM) has been developed for the Newark Bay Study Area (NBSA) as part of the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) for this New Jersey site. The CSM is an evolving document that describes the influence of physical, chemical and biological processes on contaminant fate and transport. The CSM is initiated at the start of a project, updated during site activities, and used to inform sampling and remediation planning. This paper describes the hydrodynamic and sediment transport components of the CSM for the NBSA. Hydrodynamic processes are influenced by freshwater inflows, astronomical forcing through two tidal straits, meteorological conditions, and anthropogenic activities such as navigational dredging. Sediment dynamics are driven by hydrodynamics, waves, sediment loading from freshwater sources and the tidal straits, sediment size gradation, sediment bed properties, and particle-to-particle interactions. Cohesive sediment transport is governed by advection, dispersion, aggregation, settling, consolidation, and erosion. Noncohesive sediment transport is governed by advection, dispersion, settling, armoring, and transport in suspension and along the bed. The CSM will inform the development and application of a numerical model that accounts for all key variables to adequately describe the NBSA’s historical, current, and future physical conditions.
Highlights
Since the late 1800s, Newark Bay and adjoining waterways located in New Jersey, USA, have been highly industrialized, receiving direct and indirect discharges from numerous industrial facilities
As a result of urban and industrial practices, the Newark Bay Study Area (NBSA) is contaminated with a number of COPCs—including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, herbicides, volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs, respectively), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs), and metals [12,13]
Sediment dynamics in estuarine environments such as the NBSA are driven by several factors, including hydrodynamics, episodic meteorological events, sediment loading from freshwater inflows, sediment loading at open boundaries, sediment size gradation, bed sediment properties, bioturbation, and particle-to-particle interactions
Summary
Since the late 1800s, Newark Bay and adjoining waterways located in New Jersey, USA, have been highly industrialized, receiving direct and indirect discharges from numerous industrial facilities. Site Model (CSM) [1], based on historical data, and used the model to plan the first two phases of the remedial investigation (RI) [1,2]. Guide the planning and development of future sampling and investigation activities as part of the RI/FS program, including both the human health and ecological risk assessments. The comprehensive NBSA CSM addresses: (1) the general physico-chemical characteristics of the NBSA (including geology and geomorphology, surface water quality, biological communities), as well as (2) contaminant sources, (3) hydrodynamics and sediment transport, (4) contaminant fate and transport, (5) nature and extent of sediment contamination, (6) human and ecological exposure pathways, and (7) identification of data gaps. The focus of this paper is the hydrodynamics and sediment transport components of the NBSA CSM
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