Conceptual Review of Hybrid Energy Storage Technologies depending on Controllers for Electric Vehicle Applications

Abstract

Hybrid electric cars are a viable alternative to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, and so efficient and intelligent energy management is critical to the hybrid electric vehicle market’s worldwide growth. Recent advancements in the realm of intelligent approaches, as well as the demand for intelligent energy systems, have paved the way for the creation of energy-efficient hybrid electric cars. The topic of energy management becomes critical in order to improve hybrid electric vehicle autonomy while also lowering expenses. As a result, a unique strategy based on intelligent approaches will be offered to operate plug-in hybrid electric cars in front of various client profiles. This research paper presents the Conceptual review on Intelligent controller and the Intelligent controller using battery state of charge as a decisive criterion in improving the battery performance of a plug-in hybrid electric car. The advanced controller uses the battery state of charge and engine speed as inputs to determine the precise torque that must be converted to energy that may be utilised to charge the battery. This is accomplished by adjusting the forward gain value. The value of forward gain is determined using an intelligent controller and an advanced intelligent controller.