Conceptual models of spirituality

Abstract

Summary The traditional social work view of human nature and the whole person has emphasized biological, psychological, and social dimensions. Interdisciplinary and, more recently, social work conceptualizations of the whole person have added spirituality. After exploring definitions of spirituality, this article describes seven models which include diagrams that enhance the conceptual understanding of spirituality. The models are examined with regard to the spiritual growth process by drawing on developmental theories. A new diagrammatic model, Spirituality: A Wholistic Model, illustrates the relationship between spirituality and the biological, psychological, social, and transpersonal dimensions of the person. It provides a way to evaluate the helpfulness of experiences, including practice interventions, with respect to their role in assisting each individual in moving toward realization of full potential.