Conceptual Models of Nursing in Critical Care.

João V Vieira,Felismina Mendes,Sérgio Deodato

doi:10.1155/2021/5583319

Abstract

Introduction Intensive care units are systems organized for the provision of care to patients in critical situations. In general, it is suggested that intensive care consists of a multidisciplinary and interprofessional specialty. Nevertheless, the predominance, relative to the professions that incorporate these units, falls on nurses. A conceptual model of nursing provides a framework for reflection, observation, and interpretation of phenomena and, specifically, it provides guidelines and guidance for aspects of clinical practice. Objective To understand the applicability of conceptual models of nursing in intensive care units. Method Review of the literature following the Scoping Review protocol of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research was performed in CINAHL, Cochrane, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies published prior to 2021. Fourteen studies were selected. Results There is no conceptual model of nursing universally accepted as ideal for intensive care units. However, there is unanimity in the identification of several benefits associated with the application of a conceptual model of nursing in the care of critically ill patients. Conclusion For the selection of a conceptual model of nursing for these contexts, the focus should be on the person and the choice should fall on the model that is most appropriate to the patient, and not on the philosophy that supports the model. Considering the nature of care, the nursing team can select a model or a combination of models.

Highlights

Intensive care units are systems organized for the provision of care to patients in critical situations
Meleis [4] argues that the use of multiple terminologies to define the concept of nursing theory, which is verified by the multiple variations of conceptions found in the literature, such as conceptual structure, conceptual model, paradigm, metaparadigm, theorem, and perspective, has been confusing
Critical Care Research and Practice e conceptual model is the third component of the structural hierarchy of contemporary nursing knowledge proposed by Fawcett [3]. is component consists of a set of relatively abstract concepts that address the phenomenon of central interest in a discipline

Summary

Introduction

Intensive care units are highly organized systems that aim to provide care to patients in critical situations. Critical Care Research and Practice e conceptual model is the third component of the structural hierarchy of contemporary nursing knowledge proposed by Fawcett [3]. In the particular case of intensive care units, to other contexts, it is recognized that the use of conceptual nursing models makes it possible to differentiate clinical nursing practice from other health professions [7]. E following question was asked to answer the outlined objective that served as the guiding principle for this literature review: what conceptual models of nursing (Concept) can be implemented in the process of caring for the critically ill patient (Population) admitted to the intensive care unit (Context)?. E evaluation of the remaining 364 results, carried out by three authors independently, proceeded in two phases, namely, the phase of selecting the studies to be analyzed after reading the titles and the abstract, which allowed the identification of 39 studies with potential interest for the review; the phase of full reading of all studies, after which, once the inclusion criteria and analysis of the levels of evidence and methodological quality were applied, 14 studies were selected (Figure 1)

Results

Author’s conclusions