Abstract
This study aimed to develop conceptual frameworks on how to teach STEM concepts in a Bahasa Indonesia subject as integrated learning. This study used a mixed-methods research design that consisted of a document analysis, a survey, and a systematic review. To address the aims of this study, we first determined the STEM concepts on basic competencies of a Bahasa Indonesia subject of Grades 1–3 at elementary school level in the curriculum 2013; the recommended teaching and learning strategies in learning STEM concepts integrated into a Bahasa Indonesia subject of Grades 1–3 at elementary school in the curriculum 2013; and the first proposed conceptual frameworks on how to teach STEM concepts in a Bahasa Indonesia subject as an integrated learning in Grades 1–3 at elementary school level in the curriculum 2013 based on systematic review. The results showed that the conceptual frameworks on how to teach science concepts in a Bahasa Indonesia subject as integrated learning in Grades 1–3 at elementary school level in the curriculum 2013 consisted of Bahasa Indonesia as the main goal and science concepts as an approach to address goals, and recommends it be taught using reading. The conceptual framework on how to teach technology concepts in a Bahasa Indonesia subject as an integrated learning in Grades 1–3 at elementary school level in the curriculum 2013 consisted of Bahasa Indonesia as the main goal and technology concepts as an approach to address goals, and recommends that it be taught using reading. These findings will be useful to Indonesian teachers and teachers in other countries that have integrated science or STEM concepts in the language subject in their curricula as integrated learning or will use integrated learning in their future curricula to contribute to sustainability education.
Highlights
IntroductionTo address sustainability in the education field, some scholars have conducted innovative research to integrate some arts, humanities, and natural science topics into the education field such as indigenous knowledge and Western science integrated into science education [1]
There are 30 basic competencies in the Bahasa Indonesia subject related to STEM concepts in Grades 1–3 (60%), which consists of eight basic competencies in Grade 1 (47%), seven basic competencies in Grade 2 (41%), and 15 basic competencies in Grade 3 (88%)
Most of the recommended teaching and learning strategies in Grades 1–3 for science concepts integrated into the Bahasa Indonesia subject involve reading
Summary
To address sustainability in the education field, some scholars have conducted innovative research to integrate some arts, humanities, and natural science topics into the education field such as indigenous knowledge and Western science integrated into science education [1] In this era, the integration of some disciplines has started to focus on the teaching and learning process such as in integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. Sustainability 2021, 13, 173 had a new curriculum since 2013, which uses thematic learning such as science concepts learned in a Bahasa Indonesia subject as integrated learning in an elementary school in Grades 1–3 [3,4,5,6]. Schumacer [8] state that language teachers can teach science concepts by using an integrated curriculum
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