Conceptual Frame Work On Self-Reliance in Community Development in Zimbabwe

Abstract

[Development theory and policy have been the subject of discussion in both the developed and the under-developed countries. The implementation of these policies have varied from one country to another. The central and critical question that is often raised is whether there is development among and within the poorest sections of society. The new trend in development process particularly in the third world countries, is that, citizens should be involved in decision making, planning and implementation of programmes of action. This paper provides a critical analysis of various theories of development and shows through examples, how they have failed in third world countries. An alternative self-reliant development strategy is examined and recommended within the economic, political and social conditions prevailing in Zimbabwe. Community Development is suggested as an important instrument of facilitating and accelerating the development process. The use of external aid is not encouraged because it does not trickle down to the poor section of society. Further, aid does not help to bring about fundamental structural changes within society. Inequality between regions and more importantly between men and women is not tackled very effectively and meaningfully by external aid. Aid, like technology may not be neutral and may reflect the political ideals and economic interests of the donor countries. Self-reliance inevitably implies the formation of self-help organisations through which development projects can be implemented and realised. For self-help organiza tions to be successful, certain political, economic and social conditions have to be met. Human and financial resources need to be committed by the Central Government to build the social infrastructure that will facilitate the development process. The question of who participates in decision-making is discussed and recommenda tion is made that the beneficiaries or the direct consumers of the service should be involved in the identification of problems and implementation of projects. On the whole, emphasis is placed on qualitative rather than quantitative aspect of development. This is very pertinent in community development which aims at the promotion of the quality of life of the majority of people in the country.]