Abstract
Laser driven Wake-Field Acceleration (LWFA) has proven its capability of accelerating electron bunches (e-bunches) to up to 4 GeV energy in a single stage while reaching gradients up to hundreds of GV/m. Because of the short period of the accelerating field (typically ranging from 100 fs to 1 ps duration) and the requirement of extremely small beam size (typically smaller than 1 μ m) to match the channel, e-bunches can reach extremely high densities. They can be either extracted directly from the plasma or externally injected. The study of the external injection is interesting for two main reasons. On the one hand this method allows better control of the quality of the input beam and on the other hand it is in general necessary when a staged approach of the accelerator is considered. The interest in producing, characterizing and transporting high brightness ultra-short e-bunches has grown together with the interest in LWFA and other novel high-gradient acceleration techniques. In this paper we will review the principal techniques for producing and shaping ultra-short electron bunches with the example of the SINBAD-ARES (Accelerator Research Experiment at SINBAD) linac at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY). Our goal is to show how the design of the SINBAD-ARES linac satisfies the requirements for generating high brightness LWFA probes. In the last part of the paper we shall also comment on the technical challenges for electron control and characterization.
Highlights
Particle accelerators have become of fundamental importance for many different applications such as high energy physics, radiation generation, material science, medical applications etc
Apart from considerations related to the synchronization between the electrons and the laser, injecting in the plasma a beam of hundreds of MeV energy has the advantage of allowing a better control of the space charge force, which is damped at high energy and affects the maximum peak current that it is possible to inject in the plasma bubble
In this article we have given an overview of the aspects guiding the conceptual and technical design of a linear accelerator for external injection in Laser driven Wake-Field Acceleration (LWFA)
Summary
Particle accelerators have become of fundamental importance for many different applications such as high energy physics, radiation generation, material science, medical applications etc. In THz based acceleration a mJ THz laser is longitudinally coupled to a metallic structure loaded with dielectrics [10] This technique should in principle allow gradients of GV/m but is presently limited by the lack of high power THz sources. The injector is normally the most sensitive part of an accelerator and the control of beam generation via e.g., internal injection in plasmas or via the design of an electron source with sufficient brightness is a challenging task, especially for the DLA and THz driven techniques, which operate in regimes where the injector α parameter, i.e., the normalized accelerating field strength, is very low [17,18]. The study of externally injected beams is very important to allow the sole characterization of the accelerator using a stable, well characterized and ideally tunable electron source This justifies the effort invested in the production of high-brightness ultra-short electron bunches by using conventional RF technology.
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