Abstract
Objective:to construct conceptual and operational definitions of Nursing Outcomes “Breastfeeding establishment: infant (1000)” and “Breastfeeding establishment: maternal (1001)”.Method:integrative literature review in the following databases: PUBMED (United States National Library of Medicine); LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature); CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature); SciVerse SCOPUS; Web of Science; BDENF (Brazilian Nursing Database) and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database). The gray literature was explored to elucidate topics not covered by the articles. Of 3242 articles, 96 were selected to be read in full, and 43 were used for constructing the definitions. Five theses, three dissertations, three books and two manuals were selected.Results:all the results were reviewed. The definitions facilitated the improvement of the content proposed by the Nursing Outcomes Classification, favoring its application in clinical practice and supporting the development of research and teaching.Conclusion:it was proposed to change the definition of the two outcomes, as well as to change the title of one of them to “Breastfeeding establishment: newborn & infant” (1000), modifying seven of its indicators and excluding one. For the outcome related to the mother, it was proposed to modify two indicators and exclude one.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that breastfeeding is offered exclusively until the sixth month and complemented until the child is two years of age or older, because it favors growth and development[1]
This proposal is made to increase the accuracy of the terms used in the title of this Nursing Outcomes (NO), according to definitions proposed by WHO(7778), as well as to highlight the specificity of each period
The authors of the present study suggest the removal of indicator “Interrupts breastfeeding at frequent intervals to position the infant for burping (100015)”, since it is not a fundamental event for the Breastfeeding establishment, especially as an ability of the baby
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that breastfeeding is offered exclusively until the sixth month and complemented until the child is two years of age or older, because it favors growth and development[1]. Breastfeeding women are at decreased risk of postpartum hemorrhage, breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 Diabetes mellitus[2] Brazil follows these WHO recommendations and has an extensive legal framework protecting the rights of women and children in this context, providing the necessary conditions for the establishment and maintenance of lactation[3]. Some difficulties occur within the first 24 hours, such as the baby’s difficulty latching on and sucking, nipple pain and injury, breast engorgement, perception of insufficient milk supply, and maternal fatigue These aspects may reflect the woman’s satisfaction with breastfeeding, as well as the actual supply of human milk, increasing the chance of introducing other foods, which could lead to weaning[5,6,7,8]
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