Abstract
Chronic respiratory disorders affect millions of people worldwide. Pathophysiological changes to the normal airway wall structure, including changes in the composition and organization of its cellular and molecular constituents, are referred to as airway remodeling. The inadequacy of effective treatment strategies and scarcity of novel therapies available for the treatment and management of chronic respiratory diseases have given rise to a serious impediment in the clinical management of such diseases. The progress made in advanced drug delivery, has offered additional advantages to fight against the emerging complications of airway remodeling. This review aims to address the gaps in current knowledge about airway remodeling, the relationships between remodeling, inflammation, clinical phenotypes and the significance of using novel drug delivery methods.
Highlights
Conclusion & future perspective Airway remodeling in respiratory diseases is a multicellular process that results in structural changes that contribute to pathogenic mechanisms, bronchoconstriction and sometimes a lack of response to treatment
Many drugs are being studied for their ability to delay remodeling along with antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects; they must be compared with currently used front-line treatments and analyzed for their possible use as an additional treatment with corticosteroids and beta-agonists
Especially NPs, are providing a competitive advantage in mitigating the incipient challenges of airway remodeling in chronic respiratory diseases
Summary
Changes cause thickening of the airway wall, leading to narrowing of airway and obstruction in airflow [32]. In both asthma and COPD, structural and cellular changes known as remodeling obstructs maintenance of normal functioning and the morphology of airways and parenchyma of lungs [9,33] (Figure 2)
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