Concept of the basic standard model and a relation between the three gauge coupling constants

Abstract

Among the known elementary particles, 15 are not massless. In the Lagrangian of the standard model, the Higgs particle couples to all 15 of them to give them their respective masses. In this paper, a new model is proposed, where in the Lagrangian, the Higgs particle couples only to the four heaviest known elementary particles [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], all with masses in the vicinity of [Formula: see text], but not to the other 11. In this model, the masses of these 11 elementary particles that do not couple directly to the Higgs particle are generated by radiative corrections. Because of the reduction of the number of terms in the Lagrangian, this model is referred to as the basic standard model. By studying how the bottom quark can acquire a mass, it is found that there must be a relation between the three gauge coupling constants of the gauge group [Formula: see text]. This relation between these coupling constants is the first prediction, on purely theoretical grounds without using any experimental input, of the basic standard model, and is studied in some detail. In particular, this new prediction is found to be in good agreement with experimental measurements.