Concentrations of Metals in Tissues of Cockle Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) from East Java Coast, Indonesia, and Potential Risks to Human Health

Agoes Soegianto,Wahyuhani Lutfi,Dewi Hidayati,Rachmadiva Aulia Firdaus,Andi Muhammad,Arfian Rahmat Hidayat,Firdha Nur Almirani,Desi Aina Nur Fadila,Yaniar Sari Rahmadhani,Trisnadi Widyaleksono Catur Putranto

doi:10.1155/2020/5345162

Abstract

This study reports the presence of Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu, and Cr in the cockles (Anadara granosa, Linnaeus, 1758) harvested along the East Java Coast, Indonesia. The concentrations of metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer and expressed in mg kg−1 wet weight. The concentrations of metals ranged from 0.11 to 0.82 mg kg−1 for Cd, 0.10 to 0.54 mg kg−1 for Pb, 10.22 to 19.04 mg kg−1 for Zn, 0.02 to 1.47 mg kg−1 for Hg, 1.79 to 4.76 mg kg−1 for Cu, and 1.64 to 3.79 mg kg−1 for Cr. The metal concentrations in the whole tissues of cockles were in the order Zn>Cu>Cr>Hg>Cd>Pb. The Cd and Pb levels in cockles were found to be higher than the permissible limit for human consumption according to EC and FAO; the levels of Hg exceeded the EC, Hong Kong, Australia, and Indonesia standards; and the levels of Cr exceeded the Hong Kong standard. The estimated weekly intake (EWI) of cockles indicates that the concentrations of Cd and Hg in the cockle tissues from Gresik were higher than the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI); meanwhile, the concentrations of Cr of cockles from all locations were higher than and close to the PTWI. The THQ values for Cd at Gresik, for Hg at Gresik, Surabaya, and Pasuruan, and for Cr at all locations were higher than one indicating that these metals pose potential noncarcinogenic effects to consumers. Reducing the consumption of cockles should be done in order to minimize the adverse effects of metals especially Cd, Hg, and Cr to human health.

Highlights

East Java Province of Indonesia has relatively fast economic growth, especially in the industrial sector
The objectives of the present study were to measure the level of Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu, and Cr in the whole tissues of A. granosa collected from the coastal regions of East Java and to evaluate the potential health risk for human consumption by comparing with provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) guidelines
It can be recommended that to minimize the health risks due to the negative effect of Cd, Hg, and Cr, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of cockles. This present study provides the valuable data for trace metals in cockles living in the East Java Coast

Summary

Introduction

East Java Province of Indonesia has relatively fast economic growth, especially in the industrial sector. As a consequence of this rapid growth, significant impact of heavy metals could occur since heavy metals represent the major industrial contaminants of estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Aquatic organisms, including cockle in this ecosystem, can accumulate toxic metals which can pose a significant impact on human health due to the consumption of contaminated cockle. Cockle Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) is a typically intertidal species which naturally lives in an area with soft mud and fine sand. In some area, they can live in 20 m water depth but commonly concentrate in the littoral area and estuaries [4]. Filter feeders, and relatively sessile and feed on microscopic phytoplankton that are floating in the water column, as well

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