Concentration Of Trace Elements in Airborne PM10 from Jobos Bay National Estuary, Puerto Rico

Abstract

Atmospheric suspended particulate matter (PM10) was sampled from the Jobos Bay estuary in Salinas and from a reference site (Fajardo) in the east coast of Puerto Rico. Salinas is a town in the south coast of Puerto Rico adjacent to a number of industries and to the only coal power plant on the island. It is important to study the air quality in this area since significant releases of metal to the environment due to energy production could represent a threat to local communities. This study evaluated the levels of PM10, metals, and arsenic to set a reference point for future environmental studies in the area. Sampling was performed for periods of 72 h between August 2002 and May 2003 using a Partisol Plus Model 2025 sequential PM10 air monitor. Seven metals were analyzed per sample (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Hg, Pb and V) plus arsenic using Atomic Absorption. Average annuals levels for PM10 in Salinas were 22.9 μg/m3 versus 20.7 μg/m3 in Fajardo. All metals analyzed were significantly higher in Salinas when compared to Fajardo (reference site). Statistical analyses showed strong relationships between the metal groups (Cu and Cd) and (As and Pb) at Salinas. Good relationship was also observed for Fe and PM10. This analysis suggests two main sources for the elements: anthropogenic and metal flux from Saharan dust arriving to the island.