Concentration of alumina nanofluid on stability and thermal behaviour of the hybrid solar thermal system

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In the modern era, renewable solar energy has the potential for different energy applications, including domestic and industrial. With the excellence of high solar radiance and environmental sustainability, it is adopted for heat exchanger applications. This research involves enhancing the thermal behaviour of heat exchangers for space heating applications by implementing 0, 10, 20, and 30 vol% of alumina nanofluid under the flow rate of 0.05 kg/s. The nanofluid stability is evaluated by the Ultrasonication route with multiple days, and it was spotted that the 4-day preparation had better peaks with a mean diameter of 50 nm. Influences of alumina nanofluid of thermal behaviour, including thermal conductivity (k), heat transfer (Q), and thermal adsorption properties of solar operate heat exchanger was studied at 24 to 250 °C through simultaneous thermal analysis differential thermo-gravimetric apparatus Netzsch 409 model and its evaluated results were compared with conventional solar energy operated heat exchanger system contained water as a source. Test condition 4 (30 vol% concentration of alumina nanofluid) was offered a maximum k of 38.98 ± 0.91 W/m°C, a Q of 138 ± 1.52 kJ/Mol, and the thermal absorption system is directly proportional to the solar thermal energy temperature. Moreover, the evaporator heat transfer (0.69 ± 0.01 kW) and total heat dissipation across the condenser (0.98 ± 0.01 kW) were higher than the test condition one value.