Abstract
A quantitative study of the up-conversion process ( 4I 13 2 → 4I 15 2 ) + ( 4I 13 2 → 4I 9 2 → 4 I case11 2 ) , essential in the 3 μm emission of Er 3+ in YAG, over a large concentration range (0.1 to 100 at% Er 3+) and pumping energy has been performed. The concentration and sample dependence of the “intrinsic” lifetime of 4I 13 2 and 4I 13 2 laser levels is tentatively explained by energy transfer to aleatory impurities. The quadratic concentration dependence of the up-conversion parameter, obtained experimentally, and the possibility to describe the up-conversion process by rate equations are explained by large migration effects and effective interactions between nearest neighbours.
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