Abstract
Magnetic dipole coupling between the colloidal superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPNPs) depending on the concentration has been paid significant attention due to its critical role in characterizing the Specific Loss Power (SLP) in magnetic nanofluid hyperthermia (MNFH). However, despite immense efforts, the physical mechanism of concentration-dependent SLP change behavior is still poorly understood and some contradictory results have been recently reported. Here, we first report that the SLP of SPNP MNFH agent shows strong concentration-dependent oscillation behavior. According to the experimentally and theoretically analyzed results, the energy competition among the magnetic dipole interaction energy, magnetic potential energy, and exchange energy, was revealed as the main physical reason for the oscillation behavior. Empirically demonstrated new finding and physically established model on the concentration-dependent SLP oscillation behavior is expected to provide biomedically crucial information in determining the critical dose of an agent for clinically safe and highly efficient MNFH in cancer clinics.
Highlights
Magnetic dipole coupling between the colloidal superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPNPs) depending on the concentration has been paid significant attention due to its critical role in characterizing the Specific Loss Power (SLP) in magnetic nanofluid hyperthermia (MNFH)
A great deal of research activities to practically apply MNFH for cancer clinics including the design of high performance magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) enabling to generate high SLP for completely killing tumors and the development of highly enhanced biotechnology to effectively improve the in-vitro/in-vivo biocompatibility etc., have been intensively conducted for the last two decades
SLP cannot be controlled by the concentration of MNFH agents, because it does not have any obvious dependence on the concentration[8,9]
Summary
Magnetic dipole coupling between the colloidal superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPNPs) depending on the concentration has been paid significant attention due to its critical role in characterizing the Specific Loss Power (SLP) in magnetic nanofluid hyperthermia (MNFH). The physical mechanism of SLP change is still poorly understood, and some contradictory results have been recently reported[15,16] This may be thought to be due to the variation of experimental conditions such as the magnetic nature of MNPs, the degree of colloidal stability, the condition of applied AC magnetic field, and the wrongly selected magnetic parameters in theoretical analysis. Systematically well-designed direct/indirect experimental conditions of nanofluids, i.e. accurately controlled dc–c with minimized aggregations, are essentially needed to systematically analyze the concentration-dependent magnetic dipole interaction behavior and interpret its physical effects on the change behavior of SLP. From all the experimental and analyzed results, a concrete physical model was built up and the concentration dependent-SLP change behavior was interpreted in terms of dc–c-induced competition of Ems in nanofluid for clinically safe MNFH applications
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