Abstract
Laminitis is one of the most common diseases in horses. It is not only painful for the animal, but also has a significant financial impact on the equine industry. This multifactorial disease affects the connective tissue of the hoof. However, the pathogenesis of laminitis is still not fully understood. Endotoxins, also known as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and bacterial exotoxins seem to play an important role during the development of laminitis. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of increasing LPS concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 100 μg/mL) on cell viability of isolated epidermal and dermal hoof cells as well as on the tissue integrity of hoof explants. Furthermore, glucose, acetic acid, lactic acid, and propionic acid concentrations in explant supernatants were measured to evaluate the energy metabolism in the hoof tissue. LPS did not exhibit cytotoxic effects on epidermal or dermal cells. Force required to separate LPS treated hoof explants decreased in a concentration dependent manner. Specifically, explants incubated with 10 and 100 μg/mL needed significantly less force to separate compared to control explants. Lactic acid concentrations were significantly decreased in explants incubated with 5, 10, or 100 μg/mL LPS, while glucose, acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations were unaffected by LPS treatment. Our study indicates that LPS has no cytotoxic effect on epidermal and dermal cells isolated from hoof tissue, but impairs integrity of hoof explants. In addition, LPS led to an alteration of the lactic acid production in the lamellar tissue. Since our data highlight that LPS can affect the integrity of the equine hoof tissue in vitro, endotoxins should be further explored for their contribution to facilitate the development of laminitis.
Highlights
Laminitis, a disease which affects the lamellar tissue of the hoof, is painful for the animal
Therapy with anti-endotoxin serum helped to counteract laminitis [12], further strengthening the hypothesis that endotoxins play an important role to facilitate the development of laminitis
Our study indicates that LPS has no cytotoxic effect on dermal and epidermal cells isolated from the hoof but exhibits a negative influence on lamellar tissue integrity of cultured hoof explants cultured
Summary
A disease which affects the lamellar tissue of the hoof, is painful for the animal. It has a significant impact on the horse industry [1]. The pathogenesis of laminitis is still not fully understood. As it has multifactorial etiology, several trigger factors are discussed, among them endotoxins, known as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) [2,3,4,5] as well as bacterial exotoxins [6, 7]. Increased levels of LPS were measured in the serum of horses during laminitis experimentally induced with a carbohydrate or oligofructose overload [3, 11]. Therapy with anti-endotoxin serum helped to counteract laminitis [12], further strengthening the hypothesis that endotoxins play an important role to facilitate the development of laminitis
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
