Abstract
This paper presents the determination of a concentration at the minimum bubble velocity (CMV) for different types of frothers, such as straight and branched alkyl chain aliphatic alcohols, 1,ω-diols, poly(propylene glycol) and poly(ethylene glycol) alkyl ethers, n-alkyltrimethylammonium bromides, commercial frothers and others. The values of terminal rise bubble velocity were reviewed from the experimental data published in the literature for two different types of columns, i.e., a short PAS (used in Polish Academy of Sciences) of height (35 cm) and a long McGill of height (350 cm). The obtained empirical equation is universal and allows one to rapidly and accurately determine the CMV for all surfactants. The proposed empirical model can also be used to predict the terminal bubble velocity–frother concentration curve by knowing the maximum and minimum terminal velocities, as well as the values of CMV. Assessment and usefulness of frother characterization parameters (i.e., concentration at the minimum bubble velocity (CMV), dynamic frothability index (DFI) and critical coalescence concentration (CCC)) were shown in the flotation of coal.
Highlights
Flotation frothers are surface active substances commonly used in a froth flotation separation process as an important additive of the pulping process
The experimentally determined parameters, which are commonly used for these purposes, are for example, the concentration at the minimum bubble velocity (CMV) [1,2,3], the critical coalescence concentration (CCC) [4,5,6], the concentration at half of the maximum foam height (CMH) [7] or the dynamic frothability index (DFI) [8,9,10]
This approach can be prediction of the bubble to obtain an empirical equation allowing the rapid and accurate determination of the value of the size–concentration curve, where the minimum and maximum bubble sizes, as well as the CCC value, CMV for surface active substances commonly used as flotation frothers
Summary
Flotation frothers are surface active substances commonly used in a froth flotation separation process as an important additive of the pulping process. The experimentally determined parameters, which are commonly used for these purposes, are for example, the concentration at the minimum bubble velocity (CMV) [1,2,3], the critical coalescence concentration (CCC) [4,5,6], the concentration at half of the maximum foam height (CMH) [7] or the dynamic frothability index (DFI) [8,9,10] Since all these parameters depend mainly on the properties of the liquid/gas interface, the corresponding characteristic frother concentration values can vary strongly, depending on the frother’s family (type) and carbon chain length. This approach can be prediction of the bubble to obtain an empirical equation allowing the rapid and accurate determination of the value of the size–concentration curve, where the minimum and maximum bubble sizes, as well as the CCC value, CMV for surface active substances commonly used as flotation frothers. The proposed empirical approach can be used to predict the dependence of a rising bubble terminal velocity as a function of frother concentration only by knowing the border velocity values
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