Abstract
Particulate components in hot, concentrated automobile exhaust and in cooled, diluted exhaust were fractionated and collected with cascade impactors; analyses were made for sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and water-soluble and water-insoluble lead. All components analyzed were contained in particles predominantly submicron in diameter. About 95 per cent of total lead was associated with particles having aerodynamic diameters below 0.5 μm. The particle size distributions of sulfate and nitrate were dependent on engine operating conditions, the particle size decreasing with increasing road speed and exhaust temperature. Photoirradiation produced an increase in the concentrations of water-soluble lead, sulfate, nitrate, and chloride particulate but a decrease in the average particle size of sulfate, nitrate, and chloride. After photoirradiation nearly all chloride was in the particle size range below 1 μm dia. Two mechanisms, both based on photochemical transformations of lead compounds, are suggested as explanations for a relatively lower accumulation of lead in the bones of mice exposed to irradiated, as compared to nonirradiated, exhaust.
Published Version
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