Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this research is to investigate the effects of concentrated growth factor (CGF) on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic potential of rabbit periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) in vitro.MethodsPDCs were isolated from the femoral and tibial periosteum of rabbits and cultured with or without CGF membranes or CGF conditioned media. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the structural characterization. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of PDCs was also measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD34. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and Western blot were used to evaluate the secretion and expression levels of osteogenic differentiation markers (bone morphogenetic protein-2, type I collagen, osteocalcin) and angiogenesis markers (vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor) in supernatants and PDCs at days 3, 7, 14, and 21.ResultsThe SEM analysis showed a dense three-dimensional fibrin network in CGF, and CGF membranes were covered by PDCs with elongated or polygonal morphological features. Compared with the control group, CGF significantly promoted the proliferation of PDCs during the experimental period (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed that PDCs were dispersedly distributed among the CGF substrates, and CD34-positive cells were also present. Moreover, CGF significantly increased the ALP activity and upregulated the expression and secretion of osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis markers in PDCs at days 3, 7, 14, and 21 (p < 0.05).ConclusionCGF can increase the proliferation and promote the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic potential of PDCs in vitro. These results indicate that CGF can be used as a new therapeutic means for biotechnological and clinical applications.
Highlights
Bone regeneration and reconstruction play an important role in the recovery of bone defects that do not heal spontaneously [1]
We investigated the effects of concentrated growth factor (CGF) on the proliferation of rabbit Periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) and the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, type I collagen (Col-1), osteocalcin (OCN), and angiogenesis markers (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor) in these cells in vitro
We found that there was a slow release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and BMP2
Summary
Bone regeneration and reconstruction play an important role in the recovery of bone defects that do not heal spontaneously [1]. Periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) have a strong potential for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, and they are essential for the healing and repair of bone fractures and defects [5]. The attention of bone tissue engineering and biotechnology research has been focused on the investigation of osteogenic differentiation properties of different cell types in vitro and in vivo. Angiogenesis and timely formation of blood vessels have played important roles in the survival of implanted cells and successful bone regeneration. An appropriate cell source for biotechnological and bone tissue engineering applications should have both osteogenic potential and proangiogenic characteristics [8, 9]. PDCs present a promising target in biotechnological and bone tissue engineering research and applications
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