Abstract

The US Opioid Epidemic has been a serious continuous threat to Americans since the early 2000s. "More than 932,000 people have died since 1999 from a drug overdose. Nearly 75% of drug overdose deaths in 2020 involved an opioid" (CDC, 2022). Prescription opioids are highly addictive and are commonly prescribed to treat moderate, severe, or chronic pain. Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience that encompasses both sensory and emotional elements in patients who suffer from it. Opioids are highly effective in treating these symptoms, however chronic opioid use causes many unwanted side effects. Thus, the challenge of providing effective pain treatment while minimizing these unwanted side effects is an ongoing issue with significant clinical and societal impact. Researchers also see that in many situations, medical care providers are more willing to prescribe opioid drugs for chronic pain in clinical settings.

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