Abstract
Abstract. This paper presents the development and evaluation of four sensors based on multiple fiber Bragg grating (FBG) constellations embedded in a silicon dioxide single-mode fiber (SMF) for simultaneous measurement of pressure, temperature, and bending curvature. We applied dimension and material variations – including core, cladding, and coating dimensions; coating material; and the number and arrangement of the FBGs – to optimize the reflected signal response and increase information density. A bootstrap-aggregated ensemble of decision trees was used to evaluate the sensor signal. The results show that adjusting the cladding-to-coating ratio led to significant improvements in pressure and bending prediction performance. Additionally, two combined FBGs were fabricated to form a fiber Bragg grating Fabry–Pérot interferometer, which enabled the detection of curvature with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.0034 L mm−1 (R2=1), axial pressure with an RMSE of 0.0564 bar (R2=0.99), and temperature with an RMSE of 0.0265 °C (R2=1). At the time of writing, there is no commercially available instrument that can perform these measurements simultaneously.
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