COMT rs4818 less common allele is associated with psychological and psychiatric worse indicators in a cohort of individuals born with cleft lip and palate.

Abstract

Individuals born with cleft lip and palate may face difficulties in speech function, nutrition, facial aesthetics, and long-term care. These difficulties may increase the risk of psychological and psychiatric diseases. This work aimed to test if the variant allele of COMT was carried more frequently among individuals that have psychological and psychiatric outcomes within a cohort of patients born with cleft lip and palate. DNA extraction from saliva of two hundred and fifteen individuals born with cleft lip with and/or palate and genotyping was performed, and the frequency of COMT rs4818 alleles was determined. The domain 'Psychological Function' of Cleft-Q™ was used to generate scores for analysis. The scores were computed, and differences in genotype or allele frequencies between individuals with psychological function scores 60 or above and 59 or below were compared. The history of psychiatric illness (family history of psychiatric disease or self-reported psychiatric illness) was registered. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between individuals with and without a family history of psychiatric illness. Individuals with lower Psychological Function (Cleft-Q™) scores were more likely to be GG (P=.04) or carriers of allele G (P < .001). The reported psychiatric illness and positive family history of psychiatric illness were compared to COMT rs4818 allele and genotype frequencies of individuals without these indicators, and individuals with psychiatric illness and positive family history of psychiatric illness were more likely to carry allele G (P=.03 and P=.008, respectively). The study confirms previously suggested role of COMT rs4818 in psychiatric and psychological outcomes in a distinct cohort of patients born with cleft lip and palate.