Abstract
To modify easily chemical consistence of molten steel metallurgical plants usually add alloys in a form of lumps through a hopper at ladle`s top. The problem is a large variety of adjusted technological conditions for this process, which leads to iterative discovery of rational ones. The article presents synthesis of a mathematical model for the mentioned process using Navier-Stokes and Euler-Lagrange equations. It is designed for researching of process modes depending on: a horizontal position of addition hopper relatively to argon plug at ladle bottom, an average diameter of spherical addition lumps, a total mass of addition heap, a necessity of the second hopper, a temperature of the melt. It takes into account interconnected three-dimensional fluid and solids dynamics, temperature exchange between melt and lump, also it computes level of concentration homogenization. A numerical experiment shows a significantly better addition homogenization when two hoppers are simultaneously used for a feeding. Adequacy checks are performed using ice balls in air-stirred water.
Highlights
Many metallurgical plants in the world use this method in secondary steelmaking
Variety of technological parameters leads to finding of rational ones, including place of lumps fall relative to argon plug, average diameter of lumps, mass of a whole addition heap, necessity of the second hopper, temperature of the melt, and others
Presented 3D mathematical model of melt refining using injection of addition lumps from hopper predicts mixing phenomena in argon-stirred melt
Summary
ONE of the simple methods of a chemical modification for molten steel is alloys injection in a form of lumps (additives). Additive lumps are stored in a bunker above ladle. At specified moment of time, bunker opens and lumps freely fall through a tube connected to the hole at ladles cover (additive hopper). At the end of the fall, lumps enters ladle with molten steel and dissolve spreading around. Cold lumps decrease temperature of fluid, so melt needs mixing. Variety of technological parameters leads to finding of rational ones, including place of lumps fall relative to argon plug, average diameter of lumps, mass of a whole addition heap, necessity of the second hopper (two heaps of lumps are injected simultaneously), temperature of the melt, and others. Mathematical modeling can give satisfactory answers to these important questions at a relatively low cost, comparing to a laboratory or plant experiment
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