Computer-Assisted Surgery Is Not More Accurate or Precise Than Conventional Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction

Abstract

Accurate and precise tunnel placement is critical to the success of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. A new development, computer-assisted surgery, aids in placement of the ACL bone tunnels during surgery. Our hypothesis was that computer-assisted ACL reconstruction would allow more accurate and precise tunnel placement compared with conventional surgery. In a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical study, 100 patients eligible for ACL reconstruction with a transtibial technique were stratified by surgeon and randomized to either conventional or computer-assisted surgery. Measurement of femoral and tibial tunnel placement with use of three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) was used as the primary outcome to compare conventional ACL surgery with computer-assisted surgery. The placement of the femoral tunnel did not differ between groups (mean, 39.7% of the proximal-distal distance on the intracondylar axis [Blumensaat line] in the conventional group compared with 39.0% in the computer-assisted surgery group; p = 0.70). The anterior-posterior positioning of the tibial tunnel on the tibial plateau also did not differ significantly (38.9% in the conventional group compared with 38.2% in the computer-assisted surgery group; p = 0.58). There was no significant difference in the precision of either the femoral or the tibial tunnel placement between the two groups. There was no significant difference in either the accuracy or the precision of tunnel placement between conventional and computer-assisted ACL reconstruction.