Abstract
In this paper, a state of the art on computer simulation and prediction of wear in mechanical components is reviewed. Past and recent developments as well as approaches employed in the simulation and prediction of wear are reviewed. In particular, the wear models, contact analysis schemes, and wear evolution prediction procedures as well as their application to the mechanical components (including cam-follower, gears, bearings, and cylinder/piston/piston ring wear) are reviewed. Recommendations and suggestions on possible directions for further research studies are also presented.
Highlights
An important aspect of wear on a tribo-pair, which has elicited significant attention, is surface roughness
The authors demonstrate, through numerical and experimental work, that both surface roughness and wear rate reduce with time. It is further demonstrated in [67, 70, 71] that wear rate increases with increasing initial surface roughness or reduces with reduced roughness. is relationship lends credence to the fact that surface roughness should be considered in the study of wear for mechanical components as it is desirable to have an appropriate roughness in order to achieve acceptable wear rate. is further clarifies why surface roughness may be specified as a technical requirement for mechanical products and components
In addition to the problems experienced due to wear in mechanical systems, wear has presented a variety of challenges in biomedical products, in the discipline of orthopedics. e bone surface at the joints of the human body such as the knees and hips are covered with articular cartilage, which is a smooth substance that is designed to protect the bones and to allow for movement with ease. ere is a membrane known as the synovial membrane between the joint capsule and the joint cavity
Summary
Focus of article (i) Wear prediction on cam-followers [8,9,10] (ii) Running-in behavior of cam-follower [11] (iii) Spur gear wear simulation and prediction [12,13,14,15,16,17] (iv) Helical gear wear simulation and prediction [15, 18,19,20] (v) Wear studies including experiments, testing, and performance investigation of gears (spur, helical) under various conditions [15, 16, 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] (vi) Wear simulation and prediction in bearings [30,31,32,33] (vii) Wear studies including experiments, testing, and performance investigation of bearings under various conditions [34,35,36,37,38] (viii) Monitoring of wear in bearings [39] (ix) Wheel/rail wear simulation and prediction [40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55] (x) Understanding and identification of wear regimes and transitions [56, 57] (xi) Reduction of wheel/rail wear [58] (xii) Wear prediction on cylinder/piston/piston ring wear [59,60,61,62,63]. E studies reported in Table 2 include observation and fundamental studies of wear on the implants, wear experiments on the implants, studies of the effect of the wear debris from the implant on the human body, as well as wear simulation and prediction of the hip and knee replacements It can be inferred from the preceding discussion and the large amount of associated research that wear has presented a significant challenge in the functioning of mechanical systems as well as in the field of orthopedics (with reference to joint replacements). Contact analysis to determine: (i) Contact pressure (ii) Slip/sliding characteristics (i) Application of wear model to estimate wear increment
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