Abstract
A study of crack formation in refractory lining of steel ladles during molten metal pouring into the ladle has been carried out by means of mathematical modelling.The aim of the work was to find out thermal and mechanical conditions under which cracks might initiate in lining elements and to predict the orientation and characteristic length of such cracks. Numerical investigation has been carried out using finite and discrete elements methods. Local fracture analysis was carried out with the application of criteria effectively taking into account various elementary fracture mechanisms. Typical cases are studied, in which hot layer of the lining is characterised by different mechanical constraint conditions and temperature conditions at the back surface, determined by features of the buffering and heat-insulating layers condition of the equipment lining. General patterns of crack initiation in different areas of the product under thermal shock caused by pouring molten metal into the ladle are specified. It has been identified that the presence of a temperature gradient parallel to the hot face can lead to a deviation of the crack trajectory mainly in the direction of the hot area of products. Ill. 5. Ref. 30. Tab. 1.
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