Abstract
The complex heterogeneous equilibria associated with the production of manganese ferroalloys have been simulated using recently developed thermochemical databases. Over 600 measured equilibrium data have been used to verify and calibrate the model calculations. Good agreement is obtained for many important technical relations such as carbon solubility, equilibrium diagrams and phase relations, and element distribution as a function of temperature and composition. Experimental slag/metal and slag/metal/gas equilibria in MnO-SiO2 binary, MnO-SiO2-CaO and MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary, MnO-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 quaternary, and MnO-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO quinary systems can be reproduced within experimental uncertainties. The influence of temperature, CO partial pressure, and slag chemistry on the Mn- and Si-distribution equilibria has been quantitatively evaluated. This leads to a sound basis for optimizing the manganese ferroalloy production processes.
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