Abstract
Abstract The performance of impact limiters, composed of balsa wood encased in steel shells, has been studied by experimental tests and computer modelling. The aim of the work was to develop a validated capability for simulating the impact behaviour with the code DYNA3D. The code is thus available to support new package designs employing similar shock absorbing features—in principle, any crushable material encased in a metallic shell. A brief review is given of the mechanical properties of balsa wood, including methods for modelling orthotropic crushable materials. With DYNA3D, the material model for metallic honeycombs was adapted for application to wood. Both static crush tests and impact tests have been simulated, with good results for deformation and energy absorption. Dynamic strength enhancement and friction effects are examined.
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