Abstract
Objective To explore the feasibility of applying electrical stimulation (ES) based on a brain-computer interface (BCI) for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke. Methods Five stroke patients were treated with one session of BCI-based ES. They were tested for classification accuracy (CA) during motor imagery (MI) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) before and after the treatment. Results The patients′ average CA increased from 50.70% before the stimulation to 58.94% afterward. Two of the patients showed ERD in the bilateral central motor cortex before the stimulation, and it was enhanced afterward. ERD was more obvious in the affected central motor cortexes than in those unaffected. One stroke patient showed no ERD in either central motor cortex before treatment but exhibited ERD in the affected cortex after the stimulation. Two other patients showed no obvious ERD in either central motor cortex before or after the treatment. Conclusions BCI-based ES is useful for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke. Key words: Brain-computer interface; Electrical stimulation; Stroke; Upper-extremity function
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