Computer chip-inspired design of nanocellulose/carbon dots hydrogel as superior intensifier of nano-sized photocatalyst for effective Cr(VI) removal

Abstract

Hydrogel, a common carrier of photocatalyst that suffers from compromised catalytic efficiency, is still far from practical application. Herein, based on “computer chip-inspired design”, a novel nanocellulose/carbon dots hydrogel (NCH) was fabricated as superior intensifier instead of common carrier of sodium titanate nanofibre (STN), where carbon dots (CDs) enhanced amino group-induced adsorption for Cr(VI), promoted photocatalytic properties of STN via transferring the photogenerated electron-hole pairs and improved amino group-induced desorption for reduced product (Cr(III)) via electrostatic repulsion, showing an efficiency of 1 + 1 > 2. Adsorption and photocatalysis experiments demonstrated superior removal performance of the NCH incorporating STN, as shown by theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 425.74 mg/g and kinetic constant of 0.0374 min−1 in the photocatalytic process, which was nearly 6.6 and 7.3 times of STN. A series of experiments was conducted to confirm the novel mechanism of CDs-enhanced adsorption–photocatalysis–desorption synergy. This work not only provides new insights into the fabrication of a superior intensifier for nanosized photocatalyst, but also proposes one new mechanism of CDs-enhanced adsorption–photocatalysis–desorption synergy, which is helpful for designing and optimizing nanosized photocatalyst.