Computer-aided detection of bone metastasis in bone scintigraphy images using parallelepiped classification method.

Abstract

Accurate diagnosis of metastatic tissue on bone scintigraphy images is of paramount importance in making treatment decisions. Although several automated systems have developed, more and better interpretation methods are still being sought. In the present study, a new modality for bone metastasis detection from bone scintigraphy images using parallelepiped classification (PC) as method for mapping the radionuclide distribution is presented. Bone scintigraphy images from 12 patients with bone metastases were analyzed using the parallelepiped classifier that generated color maps of scintigraphic images. Seven classes of radionuclide accumulation have been identified and fed into machine learning software. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by statistical measurements in a confusion matrix. Overall accuracy, producer's and user's accuracies and κ coefficient were computed from each confusion matrix associated with the individual case. The results revealed that the method is sufficiently precise to differentiate the metastatic bone from normal tissue (overall classification accuracy = 87.58 ± 2.25% and κ coefficient = 0.8367 ± 0.0252). The maps are easier to read (due to better contrast) and can detect even slightest differences in accumulation levels among pixels. In conclusion, these preliminary data suggest that bone scintigraphy combined with PC method could play an important role in the detection of bone metastasis, allowing for an easier but correct interpretation of the images, with effects on the diagnosis accuracy and decision making on the treatment to be applied.