Abstract
BackgroundThere is a lack of information regarding the CT appearance of sternal lymph nodes in dogs. This retrospective anatomic study was aimed to describe the general appearance of sternal lymph nodes in healthy dogs.ResultsTwenty-seven dogs with no abnormality in blood work, urinalysis and CT images were included in the study. Dogs were divided into three weight groups; ≤10 kg, 10.1 to 30 kg and ≥ 30.1 kg. Multi-planar reconstructions of CT images were made to identify sternal lymph nodes. The number, location, size, density and heterogeneity of sternal lymph nodes were recorded. Density and heterogeneity of lymph nodes were measured on pre- and postcontrast images. Except for one dog, sternal lymph nodes were identified in all the dogs. The mean number of sternal lymph nodes per dog was 2.1 (SD 0.6), and the most frequent localisation was at the level of the second sternebra (23 dogs; 85%). There was a positive correlation between the weight and all the dimensions of sternal lymph nodes. A significant negative correlation was found between the age and dorsoventral dimension of the lymph node. Short-to-long axis ratios were not significantly different between the weight groups. None of the measured dimensions nor the ratio values was significantly different between the medium-sized dogs (10.1 to 30 kg) and the large dogs (≥ 30.1 kg). There was a significant difference between precontrast and postcontrast density and heterogeneity values of sternal lymph nodes.ConclusionsBased on the results, we recommend using the short-to-long axis ratios for sternal lymph node size evaluation among dogs of different size. Sternal lymph nodes in this study appeared on precontrast examination as heterogeneous, and homogenous on the postcontrast examination.
Highlights
There is a lack of information regarding the computed tomography (CT) appearance of sternal lymph nodes in dogs
In one dog, 4-month-old Yorkshire Terrier, the Sternal lymph nodes (SLN) could not be identified on the CT images
This dog was excluded from the statistical analysis, and only 27 dogs were used for the study
Summary
There is a lack of information regarding the CT appearance of sternal lymph nodes in dogs. This retrospective anatomic study was aimed to describe the general appearance of sternal lymph nodes in healthy dogs. Sternal lymph nodes (SLN) are the only lymph nodes in the ventral thoracic lymph centre in dogs.[1] Mostly there is one node on each side of the sternum, but some variability in number has been described, and sometimes the lymph nodes are not present.[1,2,3] They are located. This study aimed to describe the CT appearance of SLN in a group of healthy dogs and to provide guidelines for clinical practice
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