Abstract
Introduction. Pneumoconiosis is a disease caused by exposure industrial dust. The aim of the work was to determine the diagnostic effectiveness of radiation research methods in its diagnosis and systematize CT semiotics. Materials and methods . 105 mining and metallurgical workers were surveyed. All patients underwent a clinical and radiological examination. Results . In addition to focal and interstitial changes, nodular changes were detected, and the presence of a cavity was not always a sign of tuberculosis. The sensitivity of CT was 98,94%, the specificity was 90,0%. Conclusion. CT is necessary for all patients with suspected pneumoconiosis. The combination of the disseminated process in the lungs and professional harmfulness is not decisive in making a diagnosis, a comprehensive approach is necessary.
Highlights
Pneumoconiosis is a disease caused by exposure industrial dust
The aim of the work was to determine the diagnostic effectiveness of radiation research methods in its diagnosis and systematize CT semiotics
CT is necessary for all patients with suspected pneumoconiosis
Summary
Pneumoconiosis is a disease caused by exposure industrial dust. The aim of the work was to determine the diagnostic effectiveness of radiation research methods in its diagnosis and systematize CT semiotics. CT is necessary for all patients with suspected pneumoconiosis. For citation: Kovaleva A.S., Serova N.S., Bukhtiyarov I.V. Computed tomography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pneumoconiosis // Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy. Отсутствия клинических и лабораторных проявлений «золотым стандартом» диагностики всегда считалось рентгенологическое исследование органов грудной клетки. Также данная классификация используется для скрининга и динамики развития пневмокониоза. Существует и используется в ряде стран Международная компьютерно-томографическая классификация изменений органов грудной клетки, обусловленных воздействием производственных факторов и факторов окружающей среды (Kusaka), утвержденная в 2005 г. Существует множество работ, выполненных в России, отражающих рентгенологические, клинические, лабораторные особенности проявления различных видов пневмокониоза, в которых также проведены и КТ-исследования органов грудной клетки. В публикациях отмечено, что компьютерная томография представляет собой одну из ведущих позиций в диагностике ранних форм. Все исследователи отражали диссеминированный и интерстициальный процессы, лимфоаденопатию средостения, однако четкой описательной КТ-картины в работах не представлено [8, c. 36]
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