Abstract
Pre-operative nutrition screening is recommended to identify cancer patients at risk of malnutrition, which is associated with poor outcomes. Low muscle mass (sarcopenia) and lipid infiltration to muscle cells (myosteatosis) are similarly associated with poor outcomes but are not routinely screened for. We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia and myosteatosis across the nutrition screening triage categories of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGASF) in a pre-operative colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort. Data were prospectively collected from patients scheduled for surgery at two sites in Edmonton, Canada. PG-SGASF scores ≥ 4 identified patients at risk for malnutrition; sarcopenia and myosteatosis were identified using computed-tomography (CT) analysis. Patients (n = 176) with a mean age of 63.8 ± 12.0 years, 52.3% male, 90.3% with stage I–III disease were included. Overall, 25.2% had PG-SGASF score ≥ 4. Sarcopenia alone, myosteatosis alone or both were identified in 14.0%, 27.3%, and 6.4% of patients, respectively. Sarcopenia and/or myosteatosis were identified in 43.4% of those with PG-SGASF score < 4 and in 58.5% of those with score ≥ 4. Overall, 32.9% of the cohort had sarcopenia and/or myosteatosis with PG-SGASF score < 4. CT-defined sarcopenia and myosteatosis are prevalent in pre-operative CRC patients, regardless of the presence of traditional nutrition risk factors (weight loss, problems eating); therefore, CT image analysis effectively adds value to nutrition screening by identifying patients with other risk factors for poor outcomes.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers accounting for1.8 million new diagnoses and 800,000 deaths in 2018 [1]
CT-defined sarcopenia and myosteatosis are prevalent in pre-operative colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, regardless of the presence of traditional nutrition risk factors; CT image analysis effectively adds value to nutrition screening by identifying patients with other risk factors for poor outcomes
We aimed to describe the prevalence of sarcopenia and myosteatosis according to level of nutrition risk as defined by the PG-SGASF in patients with CRC
Summary
Colorectal cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers accounting for. 1.8 million new diagnoses and 800,000 deaths in 2018 [1]. Surgical resection typically occurs shortly after diagnosis especially in organ-confined disease. Resection may be followed by adjuvant chemotherapy to reduce recurrence risk. Surgical resection may be preceded by neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation and subsequently followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. In these cases, total curative treatment time can be up to 18 months.
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