Abstract
A tracheo-innominate fistula (TIF) is a rare complication of tracheostomy placement, developing after less than 1% of surgical tracheostomies. It usually occurs within 3 days to 6 weeks after surgery ( 1 , 2 ). The development of a TIF is devastating and nearly uniformly fatal without treatment ( 3 ). Even with treatment, the survival rate is low, as operative mortality is greater than 50%, and fewer than 50% of patients withstanding surgery survive more than 2 months ( 1 , 4 ).
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