Computational treatment and thermic case study of entropy resulting from nanofluid flow of convergent/divergent channel by applying the lorentz force

Abstract

The phenomenon known as the Jeffrey-Hemal flow has become significantly important in diverse engineering and biological fields due to its use in the transportation of nanofluids across converging and diverging channels. The authors' current efforts are driven by the interdisciplinary development and study in this field. This research aims to examine the behavior of magnetized nanofluids as they flow through converging and diverging channels, taking into account the impact of a thermally balanced Darcy-Forchheimer permeable medium. The nanofluids are composed of copper oxide (CuO) and water. The second law of thermodynamics is used to formulate the concept of entropy generation. Channels are susceptible to the effects of Joule heating and solar radiation. The fundamental equations are converted from partial differential equations (PDEs) to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using suitable variables. The bvp4c scheming, an integrated MATLAB command, has been used for computational modeling. Graphical representations depict the impact of physical factors on velocity, entropy, and temperature. Furthermore, the influence of several factors on the Nusselt number is shown and analyzed. The findings demonstrate a positive correlation between temperature and greater Darcy and inertia values in converging/diverging channels, whereas the reverse trend is found in the case of divergent channels.