Abstract
This research article presents a design parameter assessment technique for three-dimensional printed hip joint implants. A coupled experimental-simulation-based design technique, addressing minimum coating thickness, hardness, and adhesion requirements, is proposed for safe designs of individual three-dimensional printed hip joint implants. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanical properties of individual three-dimensional scanned hip joint human bone geometry through numerical simulation and relate these properties to hardness and adhesion values of bio-compatible coatings. The hardness and adhesion experimental results are discussed, which are then related to numerically obtained normal and shear stresses. Finite element analysis on original bone three-dimensional scanned model along with experimental results for investigating the minimum design requirements has not been reported before. Four ceramic coating materials, that is, alumina, CoCrMo, TiN, and zirconia, are discussed for each routine human physical activity. A comprehensive mesh independence study is conducted to ensure that the mesh has no effect on the variation of results. After finite element analysis, it was concluded that the pelvis bone can be taken as a vital bone for recommending design conditions. The finite element results are then coupled with experimental results as the maximum principal stress obtained from the finite element analysis is used to obtain minimum hardness requirements. Similarly, maximum shear stress obtained from the finite element analysis is used to obtain minimum adhesion requirements for three-dimensional printed implants. The coating thickness necessary to obtain minimum hardness and adhesion requirements is then predicted for TiN coating case.
Highlights
Due to some diseases like osteoarthritis and osteoporosis and so on, different joints in the human body get affected
Hardness in gigapascals can be directly related to normal stresses,[49] whereas maximum shear force values are closely related to adhesion requirement of coating material
Finite element analysis is performed on 3D scanned models of actual femur and pelvis bones, and four coating materials (Al2O3, CoCrMo, titanium nitride (TiN), and ZrO2) are assigned for the consideration of femur–pelvis 3D printed bone implants
Summary
Due to some diseases like osteoarthritis and osteoporosis and so on, different joints in the human body get affected. The mechanical properties of implant material are of great significance.[2] For hip joint arthroplasty, the initial stability and stress shielding effects are very important; otherwise arthroplasty may lead to pain in thigh. Human tissue and other internal conditions inside the human body may lead to corrosion in metallic implants. Improved geometries and computational tools can help to design better arthroplasty for provision of initial stability.[3] Different materials, that is, stainless steel, cobalt alloys, titanium, titanium and nickel alloys, tantalum and zirconium, and so on, offer good mechanical integrity in clinical/toxic conditions inside the human body.[4]
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