Abstract
Caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), herpes is a viral infection that is one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. Here we present a computational sensing technique for specific detection of HSV using both viral immuno-specificity and the physical size range of the viruses. This label-free approach involves a compact and cost-effective holographic on-chip microscope and a surface-functionalized glass substrate prepared to specifically capture the target viruses. To enhance the optical signatures of individual viruses and increase their signal-to-noise ratio, self-assembled polyethylene glycol based nanolenses are rapidly formed around each virus particle captured on the substrate using a portable interface. Holographic shadows of specifically captured viruses that are surrounded by these self-assembled nanolenses are then reconstructed, and the phase image is used for automated quantification of the size of each particle within our large field-of-view, ~30 mm2. The combination of viral immuno-specificity due to surface functionalization and the physical size measurements enabled by holographic imaging is used to sensitively detect and enumerate HSV particles using our compact and cost-effective platform. This computational sensing technique can find numerous uses in global health related applications in resource-limited environments.
Highlights
Herpes is one of the most common viral diseases, which is caused by a DNA based virus, i.e., the herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Addition to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based methods have been used for the detection of HSV10
We used this wide-field holographic microscope for the detection of HSV-1 particles using a two-step process, involving both the immuno-specificity of the viral particles and their physical size properties (~150–200 nm in diameter[17, 34, 35]). This is done by first capturing the target viral particles onto a glass substrate using virus-specific antibodies, as shown in Fig. 2, and as a second step, imaging and sizing of the captured particles to confirm the presence of viruses using our holographic on-chip microscope
Summary
Herpes is one of the most common viral diseases, which is caused by a DNA based virus, i.e., the herpes simplex virus (HSV). In this label-free sensor design, HSV-1 viral particles, which are ~150–200 nm in size, are detected using a compact holographic microscope after capturing them on specially prepared substrates, using virus-specific antibodies.
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