Abstract
Dengue fever of tropics is a mosquito transmitted devastating disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). There is no effective vaccine available, so far, against any of its four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4). There is a need for the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines against DENV to decrease the prevalence of dengue fever, especially in Pakistan. In this research, linear and conformational B-cell epitopes of envelope glycoprotein of DENV-2 and DENV-3 (the most prevalent serotypes in Pakistan) were predicted. We used Kolaskar and Tongaonkar method for linear epitope prediction, Emini’s method for surface accessibility prediction and Karplus and Schulz’s algorithm for flexibility determination. To propose three dimensional epitopes, the E proteins for both serotypes were homology modeled by using Phyre2 V 2.0 server, and ElliPro was used for the prediction of surface epitopes on their globular structure. Total 21 and 19 linear epitopes were predicted for DENV-2 and DENV-3 Pakistani isolates respectively. Whereas, 5 and 4 discontinuous epitopes were proposed for DENV-2 and DENV-3 Pakistani isolates respectively. Moreover, the values of surface accessibility, flexibility and solvent-accessibility can be helpful in analyzing vaccines against DENV-2 and DENV-3. In conclusion, the proposed continuous and discontinuous antigenic peptides can be valuable candidates for diagnostic and therapeutics of DENV.
Highlights
Dengue virus (DENV), an arbovirus of family flaviviridae, is responsible for dengue fever outbreaks in tropic regions of the world in past decades [1]
This virus is responsible to cause clinical manifestations ranging from mild asymptomatic dengue fever to severe and lethal forms of illnesses recognized as dengue hemorrhagic fever
It has been reported that dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2 and DENV serotype 3 are the major cause of this havoc
Summary
Dengue virus (DENV), an arbovirus of family flaviviridae, is responsible for dengue fever outbreaks in tropic regions of the world in past decades [1]. It is estimated that approximately 100 million cases of dengue fever occur annually in humans [3]. This virus is responsible to cause clinical manifestations ranging from mild asymptomatic dengue fever to severe and lethal forms of illnesses recognized as dengue hemorrhagic fever. DENV has four serotypes namely DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 each of which can lead to infection [6]. Each of these antigenically related viruses provides life-long immunity for that specific serotype; it does not give complete protection against other serotypes [7]
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