Abstract
For the first time, inspired by magnetic resonance imaging-guidance high intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) technology, i.e., medication therapy and thermal ablation in one session, in a preclinical setting based on a developed mathematical model, the performance of doxorubicin (Dox) and its encapsulation have been investigated in this study. Five different treatment methods, that combine medication therapy with mild hyperthermia by MRI contrast (gamma -{Fe}_{2}{O}_{3}) and thermal ablation via HIFU, are investigated in detail. A comparison between classical chemotherapy and thermochemistry shows that temperature can improve the therapeutic outcome by stimulating biological properties. On the other hand, the intravascular release of ThermoDox increases the concentration of free drug by 2.6 times compared to classical chemotherapy. The transport of drug in interstitium relies mainly on the diffusion mechanism to be able to penetrate deeper and reach the cancer cells in the inner regions of the tumor. Due to the low drug penetration into the tumor center, thermal ablation has been used for necrosis of the central areas before thermochemotherapy and ThermoDox therapy. Perfusion of the region around the necrotic zone is found to be damaged, while cells in the region are alive and not affected by medication therapy; so, there is a risk of tumor recurrence. Therefore, it is recommended that ablation be performed after the medication therapy. Our model describes a comprehensive assessment of MR-HIFU technology, taking into account many effective details, which can be a reliable guide towards the optimal use of drug delivery systems.
Highlights
For the first time, inspired by magnetic resonance imaging-guidance high intensity focused ultrasound (MR-High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)) technology, i.e., medication therapy and thermal ablation in one session, in a preclinical setting based on a developed mathematical model, the performance of doxorubicin (Dox) and its encapsulation have been investigated in this study
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive thermal procedure that can raise the temperature of the tumor center using focused ultrasound waves to such an extent that the central areas become irreversibly necrotic[23,24,25]
The role of HIFU for tumor thermal ablation on the drug delivery process is evaluated. This raises the main question in this study that is: Why, unlike other s tudies[26] that have used magnetic resonance imaging-guidance high intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) technology, HIFU has not been used for mild hyperthermia? Based on the literature[27], the authors did not consider HIFU to be able to raise the tumor temperature evenly, so in most areas of the tumor, the drug is not released from the carrier
Summary
For the first time, inspired by magnetic resonance imaging-guidance high intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) technology, i.e., medication therapy and thermal ablation in one session, in a preclinical setting based on a developed mathematical model, the performance of doxorubicin (Dox) and its encapsulation have been investigated in this study. That combine medication therapy with mild hyperthermia by MRI contrast (γ − Fe2O3 ) and thermal ablation via HIFU, are investigated in detail. Due to the low drug penetration into the tumor center, thermal ablation has been used for necrosis of the central areas before thermochemotherapy and ThermoDox therapy. The generated heat can be used to release the drug from ThermoDox. MNPs are an excellent candidate for both the diagnostic and therapeutic methods, i.e., theranostics (a new concept which involves the integration of therapeutics and diagnostics in a single platform).
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