Abstract
The response of grounding systems is calculated under fault conditions or when they are hit by lightning directly in time domain. The current distribution and potential along the structure are determined using transmission line theory. The electromagnetic fields in the surrounding soil are determined from the previously calculated current distribution using dipoles theory with analytical formulas in infinite conductive medium. Modified images theory is used for taking in account the interface in the half space instead Summerfield integrals. The model can be used to predict the E.M environment of grounding systems because; it can calculate electromagnetic fields in any points of interest.
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