Computational methodology for the optimal design of steel truss frames integrating MATLAB and FEA platforms

Abstract

Seeking to define more robust and executable structures, this article presents a computational framework for the optimal design of steel truss frames, which integrates two software of great prominence in structural engineering, MATLAB and ANSYS. Computational interfaces were created to enable the automation of the iterative optimization process. The optimization algorithm and computational interfaces were developed on the MATLAB platform, while structural analyses were performed with the ANSYS Mechanical APDL platform. Some details of the computational implementation are presented herein. The objective is to minimize the cost of structures by determining the optimal positioning of nodal coordinates and the optimal choice of commercially available structural profiles - shape and size optimization, respectively. For shape optimization, a computational model was defined to automatically generate the geometry of the structure, maintaining some intrinsic relations of symmetry and collinearity between elements. The design constraints are critical nodal displacements, stresses, and slenderness of elements, following the requirements of ABNT NBR 8800:2008. To exemplify the application of the proposed methodology, this article presents the optimal design of trusses for roofs of industrial sheds, considering its non-linear geometric behavior, typical of this type of structure.