Computational investigation of the relationship between landslide-related conditions and resultant dam overtopping waves

Abstract

The landslide-induced overtopping waves on the dam possesses the potential to release significant energy, presenting a severe hazard to infrastructures and human lives downstream. To gain insight into the complex dynamics of landslide-wave-dam interactions, this study systematically investigates the relationship between landslide-related influential factors and the characteristics of resultant overtopping waves with different bed connection schemes. The validated Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) framework is applied to simulate 58 well-designed scenarios, incorporating varying bed connection schemes and diverse influential factors. Results indicate that the landslide position exerts minimal influence on overtopping waves, whereas the initial water depth and landslide size demonstrate a significant impact. Notably, arc-shaped connection can lead to more significant overtopping waves compared to rigid sloped connection due to lower dissipation resulted from collisions. The maximum ratio between the arc-shaped and rigid sloped for overtopping wave height and safety term are 1.688 and 1.659. In addition, we propose prediction equations for maximum overtopping wave height, safety term, and individual overtopping volume, quantitatively assessing the impact of diverse initial influential factors on overtopping waves. The presented SPH framework and prediction equations improve understanding of landslide-induced overtopping waves, providing a valuable guide for disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. Highlights An SPH framework is presented to simulate landslide-induced wave overtopping. Rigid sloped connection generates smaller overtopping waves than arc-shaped connection due to high energy dissipation. Initial water depth and landslide size dominantly influence the overtopping waves. A systematic method is presented to derive predictive equations. We propose prediction equations correlating influential factors with overtopping wave characteristics.