Abstract
Cybernetic approach to modeling artificial emotion through the use of different theories of psychology is considered in this paper, presenting a review of twelve proposed solutions: ActAffAct, FLAME, EMA, ParleE, FearNot!, FAtiMA, WASABI, Cathexis, KARO, MAMID, FCM, and xEmotion. The main motivation for this study is founded on the hypothesis that emotions can play a definite utility role of scheduling variables in the construction of intelligent autonomous systems, agents and mobile robots. In this review we also include an innovative and panoptical, comprehensive system, referred to as the Intelligent System of Decision-making (ISD), which has been employed in practical applications of various autonomous units, and which applies as its part the xEmotion, taking into consideration the personal aspects of emotions, affects (short term emotions) and mood (principally, long term emotions).
Highlights
Computational intelligence has been developing for many years
We try to answer the following question: what are the types of computational models of emotion, and to what extent do they reflect the psychological theories of emotion?
Affect Simulation Architecture for Believable Interactivity is an example of another computational system of emotion, where emotions are modeled in a continuous three-dimensional space (Becker-Asano, 2008, 2014; Becker-Asano and Wachsmuth, 2010), described as a pleasure arousal dominance (PAD) space (Russell and Mehrabian, 1977)
Summary
Computational intelligence has been developing for many years. Recently, some engineering systems may even have the neuron count corresponding to the capacity of a cat brain (meaning the usage of 1.6 billion virtual neurons connected by means of 9 trillion synapses, which follow the neurological construction of a cat brain) (Miłkowski, 2015). One of the major differences between a human and a humanoid robot relies on the feeling and expressing of emotions. For this reason, robots appear to be heartless to people. Accepting a certain predominance of the system of needs, the mechanism of emotions constitutes a second human motivation system. An agent with reactive emotions is able to make sophisticated decisions, despite the lack of a full-size model of a complex environment. Such emotions can provide the agent with important information about the environment, as is the case with the human pattern
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