Computational analysis of nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid in Darcy’s squeezing flow with entropy optimization

Abstract

PurposeThis paper aims to examine squeezing flow of hybrid nanofluid inside the two parallel rotating sheets. The upper sheet squeezes downward, whereas the lower sheet stretches. Darcy’s relation describes porous space. Hybrid nanofluid consists of copper (Cu) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and water (H2O). Viscous dissipation and thermal radiation in modeling are entertained. Entropy generation analysis is examined.Design/methodology/approachTransformation procedure is implemented for conversion of partial differential systems into an ordinary one. The shooting scheme computes numerical solution.FindingsVelocity, temperature, Bejan number, entropy generation rate, skin friction and Nusselt number are discussed. Key results are mentioned. Velocity field increases vs higher estimations of squeezing parameter, while it declines via larger porosity variable. Temperature of liquid particles enhances vs larger Eckert number. It is also examined that temperature field dominates for TiO2-H2O, Cu-H2O and Cu-TiO2-H2O. Magnitude of heat transfer rate and skin friction coefficient increase against higher squeezing parameter, radiative parameter, porosity variable and suction parameter.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is investigation of three-dimensional time-dependent squeezing flow of hybrid nanomaterial between two parallel sheets. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such consideration has been carried out in the literature.