Abstract
Creep behavior is very important for the selection of refractory materials. This paper presents a methodology to measure the compressive creep behavior of fired magnesia materials at elevated temperatures. The measurements were carried out at 1150–1500 °C and under compression loads from 1–8 MPa. Creep strain was calculated from the measured total strain data. The obtained creep deformations of the experimental investigations were subjected to detailed analysis to identify the Norton-Bailey creep law parameters. The modulus of elasticity was determined in advance to simplify the inverse estimation process for finding the Norton-Bailey creep parameters. In the next step; an extended material model including creep was used in a finite element analysis (FEA) and the creep testing procedure was reproduced numerically. Within the investigated temperature and load range; the creep deformations calculated by FEA demonstrated a good agreement with the results of the experimental investigations. Finally; a finite element unit cell model of a quarter brick representing a section of the lining of a ferrochrome (FeCr) electric arc furnace (direct current) was used to assess the thermo-mechanical stresses and strains including creep during a heat-up procedure. The implementation of the creep behavior into the design process led to an improved prediction of strains and stresses.
Highlights
Material selection is a crucial stage in the engineering of structural components in complex furnaces and refractory linings (Figure 1)
The obtained creep deformations of the experimental investigations were subjected to an inverse analysis using the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm in MATLAB [15]
The temperature range from 1150 ◦ C up to 1500 ◦ C was under research
Summary
Material selection is a crucial stage in the engineering of structural components in complex furnaces and refractory linings (Figure 1). Greater output and efficiencies push refractories to their physical limits. High-performing refractory products combined with sophisticated material models are needed to predict the in-service performance. Significant information is available on the effect of additives, corrosion process and thermal behavior of refractories [1,2], significantly less data exists on the creep response of refractories at elevated temperatures in the range of 1200–1500 ◦ C. Creep is defined as the deformation of a material over a period of time due. Creep is defined as the deformation of a material over a period of time due to to the combined influence of temperature and andeformation applied load [3].
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