Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has undergone an evolutionary process from fabricating test products and prototypes to fabricating end-user products—a major contributing factor to this is the continuing research and development in this area. AM offers the unique opportunity to fabricate complex structures with intricate geometry such as the lattice structures. These structures are made up of struts, unit cells, and nodes, and are being used not only in the aerospace industry, but also in the sports technology industry, owing to their superior mechanical properties and performance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the mechanical properties and performance of both metallic and non-metallic lattice structures, focusing on compressive behaviour. In particular, optimisation techniques utilised to optimise their mechanical performance are examined, as well the primary factors influencing mechanical properties of lattices, and their failure mechanisms/modes. Important AM limitations regarding lattice structure fabrication are identified from this review, while the paucity of literature regarding material extruded metal-based lattice structures is discussed.
Highlights
First introduced in the 1980s [1], additive manufacturing (AM) adopts the layer by layer and bottom-up approach for the fabrication of parts compared to the conventional subtractive fabrication process [2]
Considering this gap in the published body of knowledge, this paper aims to review the current literature on the mechanical performance of metallic and non-metallic lattice structures, with a focus on compressive behaviour
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Summary
First introduced in the 1980s [1], additive manufacturing (AM) adopts the layer by layer and bottom-up approach for the fabrication of parts compared to the conventional subtractive fabrication process [2]. Considering this gap in the published body of knowledge, this paper aims to review the current literature on the mechanical performance of metallic and non-metallic lattice structures, with a focus on compressive behaviour. Gümrük et al [34] utilised the BCC, BCCZ, and F2BCC lattice topologies to investigate the mechanical performance of micro-lattice structures of stainless steel 316L (SS316L) fabricated via PBF under different boundary and loading conditions. Xiao et al [42] recommended the PBF AM process as suitable for the fabrication of metallic biomaterial scaffolds, and recommended further research into the fabrication of TOP lattice structures via the PBF AM process On this premise, Challis et al [10] showed, experimentally and numerically, that these techniques produce optimised lattice structures, and parts with superior strength and stiffness to weight ratio. The values were significantly less than 200 GPa for a conventionally fabricated SS316L [46], the authors attributed this to inhomogeneous material distribution and the complicated binder jetting AM process causing a weak interface between SS316L powder particles
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