Compressive and Tensile Behavior of High-Ductility Alkali-Activated Composites with Polyethylene Terephthalate Powder

Abstract

Researchers have been engaged in the study of high-ductility concrete (HDC) due to its excellent ductility and cracking control ability. This study combines the concepts of HDC and alkali-activated composites (AAC) to develop high-ductility alkali-activated composites (HDAAC) using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) powder. Experimental investigations were conducted to assess the compressive and tensile properties of HDAAC, focusing on the impact of varying PET powder content (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%) and fly ash/slag ratios (FA/GGBS, 6:4, 7:3, and 8:2). The results indicated that the compressive strength of HDAAC ranged from approximately 30 MPa to about 100 MPa, with the specimens maintaining good integrity after axial compression failure due to the bridging action of PE fibers. The replacement of quartz powder (QP) with PET powder slightly decreased the compressive strength and elastic modulus of HDAAC, albeit mitigating its brittleness under compression. An increase in GGBS content enhanced the compressive strength and elastic modulus of HDAAC due to the increased formation of the C-A-S-H reaction products, leading to reduced porosity and a denser microstructure. Under axial tension, HDAAC exhibited typical multiple-cracking behavior with significant pseudo-strain hardening. Increases in the PET content and FA/GGBS ratio resulted in finer cracks, indicating excellent crack control and deformation capabilities. The initial cracking strength, tensile strength, and ultimate tensile strain ranged from 3.0 MPa to 4.6 MPa, 4.2 MPa to 8.2 MPa, and 4.1% to 7.2%, respectively. Despite a decrease in the initial cracking strength and tensile strength with higher PET content, the ultimate tensile strain of HDAAC slightly increased. Observations under a scanning electron microscope revealed a distinct interfacial transition zone near the PET powder, leading to poor bonding with the alkali-activated matrix. In contrast, QP dissolved on the surface in highly alkaline environments, forming better interface properties. These variations in interface properties can be used to interpret the variations in the mechanical performance of HDAAC.