Abstract
BackgroundCompression garments are generally used for their potential benefits in exercise performance and post-exercise recovery. Previous studies show that compression sleeves worn at the elbow change neuromuscular control and improve performance during reaching movement. Cutaneous stimulation of the foot skin produces location-specific reflexes in the lower limb that guide foot placement during locomotion. However, it is not clear whether enhancement of sensory feedback with compression socks can alter the neuromuscular excitability of muscles in the leg and amplify balance performance and walking. The current project aimed to determine whether enhanced sensory input from wearing compression socks could affect: 1) spinal cord excitability (as measured by cutaneous reflexes from stimulation at the top or bottom of the foot during locomotion); 2) static balance performance; and, 3) dynamic balance performance following virtual perturbations.MethodsTwelve participants completed walking and balance tasks wearing four types of garments: 1) non-compression (control) socks; 2) ankle compression socks; 3) calf-compression socks; and, 4) customized ankle sleeves. During walking, electrical stimulations were delivered to three discrete locations on the dorsal (ankle crease, forefoot medial) and plantar (forefoot medial) surfaces of the foot in separate trials with each garment. Electromyography of ankle dorsiflexor tibialis anterior, plantarflexor medial gastrocnemius and evertor peroneus longus were measured bilaterally along with kinematic data from knee and ankle and kinetics under the right (stimulated) foot.ResultsCompared to control socks, altered cutaneous reflexes and biomechanical responses were observed in all the conditions during walking. In dynamic balance tests, time and integrated EMG for recovering from virtual perturbation were significantly reduced when wearing calf compression socks and the ankle sleeve.ConclusionsOur findings suggest sensory enhancement from compression garments modifies spinal cord excitability during walking and improves performance in balance recovery after virtual perturbation.
Highlights
Compression garments are generally used for their potential benefits in exercise performance and post-exercise recovery
Balance tests Compared to the control socks condition, calf compression socks reduced recovery time from 1.58 ± 0.39 s to 1.29 ± 0.28 s (p = 0.033, d = 0.856) and from 1.54 ± 0.27 s to 1.26 ± 0.27 s (p = 0.016, d = 1.012) when virtual perturbation was presented at direction 4 and 6 where participants had to lean to their posterior-rightward and
When wearing calf compression socks, reduced right peroneus longus (PL) (p = 0.042, d = 0.857) and right medial gastrocnemius (MG) (p = 0.038; d = 0.863) integrated EMG were observed at target direction 1, where participants had to lean forward to adjust posture
Summary
Compression garments are generally used for their potential benefits in exercise performance and post-exercise recovery. Cutaneous stimulation of the foot skin produces location-specific reflexes in the lower limb that guide foot placement during locomotion It is not clear whether enhancement of sensory feedback with compression socks can alter the neuromuscular excitability of muscles in the leg and amplify balance performance and walking. Sensory feedback from receptors in the skin and muscles play important roles in regulating movement Compression garments, such as socks or leggings, are used in different activities for putative performance benefits, like increased anaerobic threshold during running [1], greater power output in jump tests after fatigue [2], and improved post-exercise recovery [3,4,5,6]. It is presumed to result in an interaction between passively applied sensory enhancement and spinal cord reflex pathways assessed by traditional methods
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
