Abstract
Simple SummaryThis study was conducted to comprehensively understand the functional mechanisms of CD8+/− porcine gamma delta (γδ) T cells related to the immune system using RNA-sequencing technology. In total, 646 upregulated and 561 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for CD8+ were identified and functional annotation was performed. A cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway were enriched in the upregulated DEG group, whereas the B cell receptor signaling pathway was enriched in the downregulated DEG group. Chemokine-related genes (CXCR3, CCR5, CCL4, CCL5), interferon gamma (IFNG), and CD40 ligand (CD40LG) identified in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and TCR signaling pathway may affect the inter-regulation of immune signaling. Our results are expected to contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of porcine γδ T cells.We aimed to comprehensively understand the functional mechanisms of immunity, especially of the CD8+/− subsets of gamma delta (γδ) T cells, using an RNA-sequencing analysis. Herein, γδ T cells were obtained from bronchial lymph node tissues of 38-day-old (after weaning 10-day: D10) and 56-day-old (after weaning 28-day: D28) weaned pigs and sorted into CD8+ and CD8− groups. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on the CD8 groups at D10 and D28 time points. We confirmed 1699 DEGs between D10 CD8+ versus D10 CD8− groups and 1784 DEGs between D28 CD8+ versus D28 CD8− groups; 646 upregulated and 561 downregulated DEGs were common. The common upregulated DEGs were enriched in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway, and the common downregulated DEGs were enriched in the B cell receptor signaling pathway. Further, chemokine-related genes, interferon gamma, and CD40 ligand were involved in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and TCR signaling pathway, which are associated with inter-regulation in immunity. We expect our results to form the basic data required for understanding the mechanisms of γδ T cells in pigs; however, further studies are required in order to reveal the dynamic changes in γδ T cells under pathogenic infections, such as those by viruses.
Highlights
Research on the porcine immune system has considerably increased because of the importance of swine models in agricultural and biomedical fields
CD8 in the γδ T cells is characteristic of immune-related traits, and CD8+ in particular is involved in disease resistance and susceptibility
We showed that two pathways related to γδ T cell activation, T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction were more significantly enriched in CD8+ T cells than in CD8− T
Summary
Research on the porcine immune system has considerably increased because of the importance of swine models in agricultural and biomedical fields. The interaction between a pathogen and the immune system plays an important role in agricultural research, and a comprehensive understanding of the functions of the porcine immune system is required in order to identify the associated immune mechanisms and define the immune interactions. The T and B lymphocytes stimulated by the interaction of cells from the innate immune system, such as dendritic cells and monocytes, show a pathogen-specific reaction and further retain this immunological memory. The activation of the B lymphocytes is likely to be detected by antibodies, whereas the monitoring of the antigen-specific T cell response requires detailed knowledge and understanding of the phenotypes of each T cell subpopulation and T lymphocyte participating in the immune reaction [3]
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